XRF Gold Analysis

How XRF Gold Analyzers Work

XRF relies on X-ray fluorescence: the sample is irradiated with X-rays, causing atoms to emit characteristic fluorescent radiation. Each element produces unique energy peaks in the spectrum, allowing the analyzer to quantify composition based on peak intensities.

For plating/gilding detection and thickness measurement, quantification uses the ratio of characteristic line intensities from underlying elements. Thicker plating distorts these ratios more due to differential X-ray attenuation, enabling precise thickness calculation (typically to fractions of a micron).

Accuracy of XRF Gold Testers

Accuracy depends on the instrument and task. Handheld XRF analyzers typically achieve 0.1–0.01% precision for gold content with ~5-second measurements. Plating thickness error is usually <0.1–0.5 μm.

Results represent the near-surface area (attenuation length in gold ~0.1–10 μm for analytical lines). For uniform alloys, this is sufficient; for heterogeneous samples (e.g., ores), multiple averaged measurements reduce error from inhomogeneity.

Sample Requirements

Handheld analyzers need only a few grams to cover the measurement window for good statistics. No complex preparation is required:

• Solid samples — ensure a clean, flat, uncontaminated surface
• Powders/ores — grind for homogeneity
• Liquids or small items — direct analysis is possible

Penetration Depth in Gold

X-ray penetration is limited by attenuation length (distance where intensity drops to ~1/e). In gold, it ranges from 0.1–10 μm depending on energy, meaning analysis reflects the surface layer unless the sample is uniform throughout.

Benefits of XRF for Gold Testing

• Completely non-destructive — no material loss or damage
• Fast results (seconds to minutes)
• High accuracy for purity, alloying elements, impurities, and coatings
• Detects harmful elements or fakes
• Portable and easy to use
• Safe (low, directed radiation)
• No consumables or extensive prep
• Works on bullion, jewelry, ores, coins, etc., regardless of shape

Types of Gold Forms Analyzed

Portable XRF analyzers handle:

• Gold bullion and bars
• Gold ore and concentrates
• Jewelry (rings, chains, coins)
• Plated items (gilding detection)

Gold Testing Equipment Options

Among modern XRF analyzers for gold, the following models are particularly well-suited and widely used:

• ProSpector 2 — a proven, reliable handheld analyzer with advanced technology and precise algorithms. Delivers high-quality measurements quickly, features intuitive operation, and provides maximum accuracy for everyday use.
• ProSpector 3 — the latest compact handheld model, recognized as one of the smallest and lightest on the market. Offers superior speed, accuracy, and low detection limits, with dust/water resistance (IP67), foldable display, macro/micro CCD cameras, up to 16 hours of battery life, and connectivity via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or USB.
• ElvaX Geo — a compact, economical energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer suitable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of solids, liquids, and powders, including gold.
• ElvaX Jewelry Lab — a specialized benchtop analyzer optimized for jewelry and precious metals. Analysis takes just seconds, results displayed in percentages and karats, easily detects coatings and non-standard alloys. Features built-in CCD camera for precise spot targeting, printer and scales for certificates (composition + weight + value), touchscreen or PC control, ergonomic design, and autonomous operation — ideal for jewelry labs or retail settings.

These analyzers allow fast and accurate determination of gold concentration in any form without damaging the material.